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An "observation statement" is one that records an actual or possible observation (like "The arrow points to the number 5"). Ayer requires of a genuine factual proposition that

    { 1 } - it be an observation statement.
    { 2 } - some observation statement can be deduced from it in conjunction with certain other premises without being deducible from those other premises alone.
    { 3 } - it logically entails some observation statement.

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1 is wrong. Please try again.

An "observation statement" is one that records an actual or possible observation (like "The arrow points to the number 5"). Ayer requires of a genuine factual proposition that

    { 1 } - it be an observation statement.
    { 2 } - some observation statement can be deduced from it in conjunction with certain other premises without being deducible from those other premises alone.
    { 3 } - it logically entails some observation statement.

This violates scientific practice. Science recognizes statements like "This battery has 1.5 volts" (and other statements about unobservables) as meaningful. But "This battery has 1.5 volts" isn't itself an observation statement.

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2 is correct!

An "observation statement" is one that records an actual or possible observation (like "The arrow points to the number 5"). Ayer requires of a genuine factual proposition that

    { 1 } - it be an observation statement.
    { 2 } - some observation statement can be deduced from it in conjunction with certain other premises without being deducible from those other premises alone.
    { 3 } - it logically entails some observation statement.

"The battery has 1.5 volts" is a genuine factual proposition -- since it, together with other premises, entails "The arrow on the voltmeter points to 1.5," without the latter being deducible from the other premises alone.

In short, genuine factual propositions have testible consequences -- but sometimes we have to add other premises to derive these consequences.

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3 is wrong. Please try again.

An "observation statement" is one that records an actual or possible observation (like "The arrow points to the number 5"). Ayer requires of a genuine factual proposition that

    { 1 } - it be an observation statement.
    { 2 } - some observation statement can be deduced from it in conjunction with certain other premises without being deducible from those other premises alone.
    { 3 } - it logically entails some observation statement.

This violates scientific practice. Science recognizes statements like "This battery has 1.5 volts" (and other statements about unobservables) as meaningful. But "This battery has 1.5 volts" doesn't by itself logically entail any observation statements.

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