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Aquinas's "third way" argues that the existence of contingent beings (beings whose non-existence is possible) requires that there be a necessary being (a being whose non-existence is impossible). It further argues that this necessary being must be God.

Plantinga objects to this argument that

    { 1 } - it's unclear why this necessary being has to be God (a personal being who is all-knowing, all-good, and all-powerful).
    { 2 } - the idea of a "necessary being" makes no sense.
    { 3 } - the argument presupposes the Medieval picture of the world as ordered and rational -- a view that modern people cannot accept.

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1 is correct!

Aquinas's "third way" argues that the existence of contingent beings (beings whose non-existence is possible) requires that there be a necessary being (a being whose non-existence is impossible). It further argues that this necessary being must be God.

Plantinga objects to this argument that

Why couldn't this necessary being just be the universe itself?

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2 is wrong. Please try again.

Aquinas's "third way" argues that the existence of contingent beings (beings whose non-existence is possible) requires that there be a necessary being (a being whose non-existence is impossible). It further argues that this necessary being must be God.

Plantinga objects to this argument that

    { 1 } - it's unclear why this necessary being has to be God (a personal being who is all-knowing, all-good, and all-powerful).
    { 2 } - the idea of a "necessary being" makes no sense.
    { 3 } - the argument presupposes the Medieval picture of the world as ordered and rational -- a view that modern people cannot accept.

He thinks it that does make sense. He suggests, for example, that some numbers and propositions may exist in all possible worlds -- and so may be necessary beings.

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3 is wrong. Please try again.

Aquinas's "third way" argues that the existence of contingent beings (beings whose non-existence is possible) requires that there be a necessary being (a being whose non-existence is impossible). It further argues that this necessary being must be God.

Plantinga objects to this argument that

    { 1 } - it's unclear why this necessary being has to be God (a personal being who is all-knowing, all-good, and all-powerful).
    { 2 } - the idea of a "necessary being" makes no sense.
    { 3 } - the argument presupposes the Medieval picture of the world as ordered and rational -- a view that modern people cannot accept.

Plantinga examines the steps of the argument in a careful way -- and criticizes steps that seem to be weak or flawed. He wouldn't reject an argument just because it presupposes a picture of the world that (some?) modern people cannot accept.

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the end